What are the first signs of a bed sore?

Bed sores can develop very quickly. Immobility is a major cause of bed sores for frail older people. In many cases bed sores (also called pressure ulcers) can be prevented.

Bed sores usually develop on certain pressure points on the body such as the sacrum, heels, elbows and back.

Inspecting the skin daily for pressure areas and taking measures to relieve pressure on the skin can help minimize the risk of a bed sore developing.

What do bed sores look like?

Bed sores can start off as very small reddened areas that don't go away when the area is relieved of pressure. It's a good idea to get in the habit of checking for pressure areas during a daily shower.

Keep a look out for any areas of the body that show signs of:

• Redness on unbroken skin that remains after 15-30 seconds. The skin may appear bluish, red or purple on people with dark skin.
   
• Excess moisture. Any open area on the skin can deteriorate into a larger bed sore if it is exposed to excess moisture and pressure.
   
• A blister can quickly develop into a larger pressure ulcer.
   
• Mushy, moist skin that is soft to touch such as the sacral crease.
   
• A scab that appears to have a shallow crater underneath.
   
• An abrasion or skin tear that doesn't heal.
   
• Cracked skin or deep frissures on the heels.
   
• A wound with a foul odour or ooze.

What to do if you notice a bed sore

It's important to closely monitor a pressure area to prevent a pressure ulcer from developing.

• Reposition a person in bed every 2 hours. Consider the use of an air mattress or special medical sheepskin overlay.
   
• Encourage a person in a wheelchair to shift their weight regularly every 15 minutes. Consider using a special Jay cushion or medical sheepskin wheelchair pad.
   
• Wash skin of urine and faeces with soap and warm water. Pat skin dry, do not rub.
   
•  Alert a doctor or nurse if a bed sore develops. Dress the wound as directed.
   
• Do not massage the area.