Memory loss and ageing

Submitted by Emma Hamilton on Fri, 05/06/2009 - 5:24pm

Memory loss can be associated with many factors, some treatable.

Many people as they age experience problems with memory loss. For most people memory loss is frustrating but it doesn't cause major problems in daily life.

In this article:

Memory loss and ageing
Common causes of memory loss
Memory loss and dementia
Symptoms of early stage dementia
Getting an assessment
A checklist of questions your doctor may ask
Preventing memory loss

Memory loss and ageing

Generally older people can be a little forgetful or take longer to learn new skills. However, once learned that information is retained just as well as other age groups.

People as they age may react slower, have problems recalling information from the past or remembering the names of people they recently met.

For others, memory loss may indicate more significant changes occurring in the brain. It could also be an early sign of dementia.

Common causes of memory loss

There are many conditions other than dementia that can cause problems with memory loss. Any changes to memory and thinking should be investigated to rule out any treatable causes of memory loss.

Sometimes memory problems can be related to other medical conditions such as:

Head injury
Medication reactions
Poor nutrition and dehydration
Alcoholism
Thyroid problems
Depression

These conditions can cause similar symptoms to dementia. They can usually be treated, and sometimes memory loss is restored.

Our memory can be affected by our emotional state. Feeling stressed, periods of grief and depression can also contribute to changes in memory and cognition.

Memory loss and dementia

Loss of memory can be an early sign of dementia. Memory loss associated with dementia is different to normal aged related memory loss. Initially, problems with memory loss are often mistaken for normal signs of ageing or periods of stress. Whilst it is normal to forget the name of a person you had a conversation with at a dinner party, it is not normal to forget that you went to the party altogether.

Memory loss associated with dementia is progressive which means it gets worse over time. Signs can be very subtle at first. Many people continue to do things as they normally would. As forgetfulness becomes persistent it can affect a person's capabilities to perform at work or carry out responsibilities at home.

Some people can be aware of their memory problems but fail to recognise the extent of the problem. Other people may feel that something is wrong with their memory but they just can't explain it or are frightened to acknowledge it.

Symptoms of early stage dementia

Symptoms that may indicate early signs of dementia include:

Forgetting how to complete tasks or jobs done many times before
Repeating the same story in a conversation or inability to follow a story line
Problems making decisions.
Confusion over people, time and places
Loss of known stored information about historical or political events
Problems learning new things and following directions
Unable to use notes as reminders
Problems handling finances

Source Alzheimer's Australia, 2008.

Getting an assessment

If you are worried about a family member's memory problems encourage them to see a doctor. Memory loss could be due to a treatable condition. Remember to be persistent and request a second opinion if you feel someone’s memory problems have not been fully investigated. You can also ask for a referral to a specialist.

A checklist of questions your doctor may ask

A doctor may ask the following questions. If you are caring for someone with memory loss it can help to go along to the appointment.

When did the symptoms begin?
Did the symptoms begin suddenly or appear gradually?
Do they come and go?
Have you had any recent head injuries or falls?
What medications are you taking?
Have you ever had depression?
Is there a family history of Alzheimer's disease?
Have you experienced recent changes in mood?
Have you lost interest in your usual hobbies?
Have you noticed any problems with language?
Are you having problems at work or getting your usual jobs done?
How much alcohol do you drink?
Have you recently lost your way in a familiar place?

Preventing memory loss

A range of changes occur in our cognitive and intellectual abilities as we age. We can try and stay sharp by learning and practicing certain strategies and techniques aimed at improving memory and cognition. We can also sharpen our minds by getting adequate rest, reducing stress and eating the right foods.

Research has also discovered a pattern among older people who "age well" and retain good cognitive abilities these include:

Engaging in physical activity may increase oxygen and blood flow to the brain.
Reaching higher educational levels and studying over a lifetime may build up a person's "brain reserve" and help build strong nerve cell connections.
Being involved in social activities and learning new hobbies may preserve or strengthen cognitive functions.